Horseshoe nail machine



(No Mode.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

Y J. ROY.

HORSESHOBN'AIL MACHINE.

Patented 8, 1884:.A

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(NoModeI.) v 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

' J. ROY.

HORSESHOB NAIL MAG-EINE.

Patented Apr. 8, '1884 /mmf' @4 d@ n. Plums. Pimm bmwlpw'. wmmgm n. C.

(No Model'.) v 4' Sheets-Sheet 4.

J. ROY. HORSESHO NAIL MAGHINB.

No. 296,461; Patented Apr. a, 188.4.

)Vif/z @as es Ine/antw: y? QM. 5f l M 5%@ UNrrno Sfrnrns PATENT @einem JosEPH nov, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

HORSESHOE-NAIL. MACHINE. f

SPECIFICATION forming part of Le tiers Patent No. 295,@61, dated April 8, 1884.

Application filed May 17, 1883. (No model.)

.To w53 whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, JosnPir ROY, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Machine for Making Horseshoe-Nails, of which the following is a specification.

The nature of my invention consists of certain constructions, combinations, and arrangement of parts, hereinafter fully explained and specifically claimed, said parts being the constituents of a horseshoe-nail machine, which, as improved by me, will produce horseshoeV nails of asuperior qualityin avery short time, as will be hereinafter made to appear.

The mechanism which I employ in carrying out my invention is illustrated in the aecompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a top viewof the entire machin as improved by me. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section through the feeding apparatus and mechanism for operating the hammers. Fig. 3 is a detail front view of the hammers and hammer-operating mechanism. Fig. t is a detail diagram of aportion of the mechanism for operating the hammer-checks, as will be hereinafter described. Fig. 5 is a detail diagram of the nail deflecting and cutting mechanism, as will be hereinafter described. Fig. 6 is a detail diagram of a portion ofthe feed mechanisrn. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a camgroove wheel, forming a portion of the feed mechanism. Fig. 8 is a diagram of the feed mechanism shown in Fig. 6, viewed from the front of the machine; and Fig. 9 is an enlarged vertical longitudinal section of the heating gas-furnace through which the nail-rod passes.

My machine comprises, in the main, a feed mechanism, (designated generally by AJ a heating gas-furnace, (designated by BJ a forging mechanism, (designated by 0,) a cutoff niechanism,(designated byD,) and other mech-I anisms of subordinate nature, all the parts of which will be hereinafter specifically described, as they are arranged for a united action upon a suitable foundation, X. A main shaft,.E, .gives motion to the entire machine. It is suitably hung in ordinary bearings, e, and passed through a. housing, F, which supports the forging mechanism proper. By means of two bevelfgears, c', said shaft E drives two f, hung in thc housing F, and by means of two bevel-gears, e', at their upper ends these upright shafts f drive two similar bevel-gears, c', on a horizontal shaft, f', hung in the upper portion of the housing F. rllhese bevel-gears c' having all the same number of teeth, the four shafts E f f f' revolve with precisely the same speed, and byhaving a driving-gear at each end said shafts revolve without onesided or diagonal strain in their bearings, and thus perform their work more steadily and with less Wear than shafts driven at one end only. Each of the said shafts is provided with a double cam, f", these four double cams being arranged in two pairs, each pair operating alternately a pair of hammers, G, they acting against short calnarms g of the hammers in rear of the fulcra g' of the hammers. The hammers G are suitably hung in the housing F, their faces are properly shaped to give the nail the required form,

similar bevel-gears, e', on two upright shafts,

and their short cam arms g are in continuous Contact with bell-crank levers G', arranged in pairs, each pair operated by a single spring of any desired number ot' leaves. The levers G' have their fulcra at gl in the housing F, their inner arms, g3, bearing against the inner sides of theicam-arms g, and their transverse arms g* overlapping each other, and the two arms of a pair being simultaneously operated by means of a spring-the horizontal pair by the spring H', and the vertical pair by a spring, H-said springs bearing, respectively, against the rear arms, y, of each pair of bell-crank levers G', as seen in Figs. 1 and 2. The lower ends of the said springs H H' are held in the slotted bottom plate of a frame, H2, by a rod, 71 and the tension of the said springs is adjusted by means of clasps 7L', having screwshanks h2, which pass freely through the vertical end walls, h3, of the frame, and are provided with toothed wheels, h4, having inner screw-'threads which iit thc screw-threads of the Shanks. These wheels bear against the end Walls, h3, and being turned properly by means of pinions 71?, cause the springs H H' to work with more of less tension, as required.

At the end of the shaft E a pinion, ci, is provided, which gears into a larger bevelwheel, z', on a shaft, i', on which a pinion, i2,

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transfers motion to a larger gear-wheel, I, and a grooved pulley, I', both on a shaft, Z3. Suitable bearings, 'ZL Z5, support the shafts i Z3. The pulley I is provided with an annular 5 groove, Z6, which has a V- shaped deflection, i1, in which groove and deflected portion thereof a pin, j, of a lever, j', is confined, being held motionless by the groove i, but caused by the V-shaped deflection il to make one oscillation Io at every revolution of the pulley I. The lever j is loosely fitted to a shaft, jf, which carries a grooved feed -pulley, J, a coupling gear-V wheel, ji, anda ratchet-wheel, ji. The leverj carries a pawl, j, which gears into the ratchet- I 5 wheel jt, and gives motion to it.

Beneath the shaft jz a second shaft, j, having also a grooved feed-pulley, J, and a cou'pling gear-wheel, ji, is provided. Both shafts 7'2 and j are suitably hung in a stand, J, and

2o move with the same speed as the wheels j, which gear into each other and are of the same size. The nail-rod Y is seized by and between the pulleys J, and caused to pass through the heating gas-furnace B. This heating-furnace consists of a cylindrical chamber, K, with a large opening, k, at one end, and a small slotted opening, k', at the other end. The large opening 7c can be closed by a sliding door. k2, which has a central aperture through 3o which the nail-rod passes; and outside, in rear" ofthe slotted opening k, a lever, L, swinging on a suitable fulcrum, Z, and having a guiding and deiiecting arm, is placed, through which arm the nail-rod Y passes toward the cutting-off mechanism, (designated by D.) In the said furnace B the nail-rod is heated to the proper degree of heat by means of a gas blow-pipe, KQ (see Fig. 9,) which consists of an outer pipe, k3, having a pointed nozzle, kt,

4o and a suitable packing, ki, and an inner pipe, k6, having a pointed noz'zle, k7, and a collar, ka, provided with a screw-thread. An annular nut, k, with a hand-wheel, 7610, is fitted to the collar ks by means of inner screw-threads,

and is kept inthe same level by means of end rims, k, and a clasp-arm, Z012, suitably fastened to the pipe k3, or to some other rigid support. By this construction I am enabled to change the elevation of the inner pipe, k6, by simply 5o turning the hand-wheel 7cm, and set the nozzles of the inner and outer pipe closer toward or farther from each other, and thus I can furnish a lesser or greater supply of atmospheric air to a given supply of gas in my blow-pipe with- 5 5 out changing the pressure of the gas. The pipes k3 k are also provided with stop-cocks lo, for the purpose of cutting off or regulating the supply of the furnace. By moving the sliding door k back from the chamber K, the

6o opening 7c and the heated rod inside the furnace become exposed, and the rod may be eX- amined with a view to regulating the air and gas supply and the heat, or for the purpose of allowing a momentary escape of a portion of the heat of the furnace while preparations for a regulation of the heat by the hand-wheel k1" are being made, and by this means preventhousing F, and caused tocome into action just when the nail is finishcdby the followinging. injury to the nail-rod by overheating. From the guide-arm of lever L the nail-rod passes by the cutting-off mechanism (desig- 7o natcd by D) toward the forging mechanism, I (designated by 0,) and when the nail is completely forged by a sufficient number of blows of the hammers G that portion of the rod upon which the nail has been formed is deflected sidewise by the guide-arm of lever L and its adjuncts, so that it is caused to occupy a slightly diagonal position with respectto the center line of the furnace.v This deection of the nail-rod places it over a stationary cutter, and under a-cutter on a revolving wheel, I.

The sidewise movement of the guide and defleeting arm and thenail-rod is effected by means of the wheel I and a pin, is, thereon, which pin, after a certain number of blows have been delivered by the hammers, depresses a horizontal arm, Z, of the lever L and moves the guide-arm and nail-rod out of their normal positions into line with the cutting mechanism.

The lever L and its guide-arm are kept in normal position by means of a stop-pin, Z2, on a suitable stand, Z3, and a tension-spring, Z4.

The cutting mechanism consists of a cutter, Z5, swinging on a fulcrum, Z6, on the stand Z3, and an L-shaped lever, Z7, swinging on a fulcrum, Z, on the same stand, and a tensionspring, Z9. The cutter Z5 has an oblique cutting-edge, Z1, standing at a right angle to the deflected nail-rod, and beneath ithas a slope, Z11, against which the vertical arm Z1`l of the lever Z1 bears; and the horizontal arm Z13 of said lever is providedl with a pin, ZM.. which is depressed by a pin, i, of the wheel I at the same time the lever L is operated. By the depression of the pin Z14 the lever-arm Z12 is moved along the slope Z11 of the cutter Z5, and the cutteris raised to its greatest elevation andkept there as an anvil-support to cut the nail-upon, until a cutter, @'10, having an oblique edge coinciding with the oblique edge Z10 of the cutter Z5,and fastened to the wheel I, has descended to the nail-rod just above the cutting-edge Z10 of the cutter Z5, and has cut off the finished nail from the nail-rod. The pin Z14 is now relieved, the tension-spring Z1 moves the leverarm Z13 up and against the rear end ofthe cut- IOO IIO

ter Z5, which is thereby lifted, while the cutting-edge Z10 is lowered out of the range of the horizontal hammers G, and the neXt forging operation can be performed without hinderance from cutter Z5.

While the nail is being cut from the rod,all of the hammers G are held apart by forked checks M M,suitablyhung in guides m on the described means: The vertical check M of the horizontal hammers is provided with a pin, m', which is located in a slot, n, of a lever, N. This lever n is fastened to a shaft, n', suitably hung in uprights n, the end of which shaft is provided with a lever, n3, standing in the range y of a cam, 11, on the pulley I. The horizontal check M of the vertical hammers G has two collars, mi, provided on its shank ma, between which the forked head n4 of a lever, N', is confined. The lever N is supported on a fulcrum, n.5, of one of the uprights n2, audit has another forked head, af', at its opposite end, which is slotted, as at ai, for the admission of a pin, ns, on the end of another lever, N2. This lever N2 is fastened to a shaft, or, which is suitably hung in the uprights n?, and is at its other end provided .with a lever, p12 which stands uin range of the cam i of the pulley I. Atension-spring, m*,'l eeps the lever N and check M in normal position, and a tension-` spring, mi, bearing against one of the collars 'mkeeps the horizontal check M in position.

The operation of my machine is, in brief, the following: The nail-rod,which maybe straightened or kept straight by an ordinary mechanism attached to the machine, is inserted into' the feed mechanism and heating-furnace by simply pushing it forward by hand. The blast of the blow-pipe is ignited and the rod Y allowed to become suiciently heated, at which moment the power-shaft of the machine is started. Just as the nail is finished, the hammers are checked by the means hereinbefore described, and the guide-arm of lever L deflects the nail-rod sidewise in line with `the cutting mechanism, and immediately thereupon the nail is out oifand drops into a suitable receiver beiow. After this the feed mechanism moves the nai1-rod along, so that a proper portion of its length lies within the range of the blows of the hammers, and the-checks are withdrawn by the springs m 'm5 from thehammers. and the hammers, having become free, repeat the operation of forging a npil, which, when finished, is cut off in the same manner as before described, and in this manner the operation continues.

In the manufacture of forged horseshoe-nails it is very important that the part of the rod which is being formedinto nails shall be heated equally throughout its length and thickness, and experience hasproved that this can onlyy be successfully accomplished by means of a gas heated furnace wherein the metal is kept enveloped in a free flame, the force and heat of which are as nearly as possible unvariable-a result which cannot well be secured with furnaces which are heated by ignited coal or other solid fuel from the mass of which the iiame or hotblasts are brought in ycontact with the nailrod, such flame or hot-blasts having avariant effect according to the condition of the mass of fuel from which it or they are obtained. Again, it is very essential that the blows of the respective hammersshall all be equal, in order that the nails formed shall be uniform on each side of their longitudinal center and at their head and point, and also their construction be perfect throughout.

To accomplish the desired results above i mentioned .in a better manner than has been done heretofore, I have devised the improvements hereinbefore described.

VVit-h the compound blow-pipe made adj ustable,and used in connection with the gasheated furnace, as I have shown, a great amount of heat with less consumption 0f gas can be obtained, and a regular supply of air under perfect control necessary for the uniform combustion of the gas maintained, and while the construction of the gas-heating furnace and blow-pipe issuch that after the same have once been adjusted for a given character of work it seldom, under ordinary circumstances, becomes necessary to change the adjustment during a run of the machine, still, in case ofsuch necessity, a readjustment can be effected instantly.

Vith two pairs of hammers, each pair operatedby a single central spring, which is brought into action by elbow-crank levers G', cams, shafts, and gears, in the manner illustrated in my drawings, a uniform blow from each of the hammers of a pair of hammers is always produced, and thus the nail-rod is kept perfectly straight, and a perfectly-formed body with respect to the head of the nail always formed. The central arrangement of the springs, together with having one spring, thus arranged, act upon thc levers of the hammers, enables me to piace the part-s in very accessible positions, and to regulate the springs so as to equalize the force of the hammers on each side of the nail-rod to the greatest nicety, and to move a pair of hammers simultaneously with the greatest precision. This arrangement also avoids loose motion, and enables me to repair parts of the machine without the necessity of disturbing the whole mechanism; and with my arrangement of the revolving and vibra-ting cutters and deiiecting mechanism, the stationary cutter is so located as to be protected against the influence of the heated rod while the forging operation is proceeding, it being placed a suflicient distance in rear of the furnace and to one side of the heated part of the rod to prevent it becoming intensely and injuriously heated. Further, a cleaner cutcan be effected by defiecting the rod sidewise, and giving the stationary and revolving cutters obliquely-set cutting-edges, and imparting a slight upward movement tothe stationary cutter, so as to bring it in Contact with the deflected nail-rod, and have it form a solid support therefor during the cutting-oft operation, thus eXpediting the cutting off of the nail, and preventing the formation of a ridge on the head of the nail, as in machines where the rod is depressed by the revolving cutter, in order to rest upon its cuttingsupport.

The other advantages derived frommy conA structions andcombinations having been made apparent from my aforegoing specification, the same need not be specially'mentioned here.

I do not desire it to be understood that I claim the combination of a pair of swinging hammers and a spring, as my combination comprises a pair of swinging hammers, a pair of levers, and a single spring acting upon both ofthe levers, and through these levers upon the two hammers at the same instant. I am IOO IIO

aware that in Letters Patent No. 98,707 two hammers constituting a pair have been coupled together by means of a frame and pin and oblong slot, and thus coupled have been acted upon by a spiral spring attached directly to thejaw-arm of one of the hammers of the pair; but this combination lacks the levers of my combination, and is therefore totally different in principle of operation therefrom. Neither do I wish to be understood as claiming the combination of a slider, a spring, and swinging hammers, as my combination comprises swinging hammers, a spring, and a pair of levers, which, by a swinging action, operate upon the hammers when the spring acts upon them.

I am aware that in Letters Patent No. 228,220, granted to me June l, 1880, a pair of hammers, a slider, and a spring are shown in combination. 'This combination, by reason of employing aslider which has been found to be inoperative on account of the crystallization of metal under constant vibration,and frequent breakage after a few hours7 use, is also totally different in principle from the combination comprising a pair of swinging levers.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination of a pair of swinging hammers, suitable means for operating said r hammers, a pair of levers, G', and a spring,

whereby the hammers are caused to exert simultaneously equal blows upon a nail-rod, substantially as described.

2. In auml-machine, the combination of two pairs of swingingspring-hammers, each hammer having a cam-arm, g, with shaftsEfff',

i arranged in a quadrangle, each provided with a cam, f2, and two driving gear-wheels, 6'- one on each side of the cam-and with the springs I-I H and levers g', substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. In combination with a gas-furnace, B, four swinging hammers, G, cams f2, four pairs of gear-wheels, e', four bell-crank levers, G', two central springs, H H', acting, respectively, on the respective pairs of bell-crank levers and causing these levers simultaneously to operate upon two hammers of a pair, and each pair of said hammers .being thus made to act alternately upon an iron rod supported and guided by the furnace, and constantly and uniformly heated by the flame of the same, substantially as described.

el. In combination with the hammers and levers of a nail-machine, the frame H2, clasps h', having screw-Shanks h2 and nut-wheels h, and the springs H H', substantial-ly as and for the purpose described.

5. The combination, with the forging-hammers and gas-furnace of a nail-machine, of the cutter Z5, having a sloping surface, Z, and pivoted to a support of the nail-machine, the

spring lifting-lever Z7, and wheel I, having a corresponding cutter and an actuating-p in, i9, substantially as and for the purpose described.

6. The combination, with the forging-hammers and gas-furnace, of the wheel I, provided with an oblique-edged cutter, il, and with actuating-pins s and Z, the oblique-edged cutter i5, and means for moving the end ofthe nail-rod obliquely sidewise for cutting it off and lifting and holding the cutter 115 up and in contact with the nail-rod, and readj usting the nail-rod and said cutter to their original position after the nail is cut off, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. The combination, in a nail-machine, of swinging cutter Z5, having a sloped surface, Z, spring-lever Z7, having an upright arm, l, and pin Z144, and wheel I, having a corresponding cutter and a pin, i, substantially as and for the purpose described.

8. The combination, in a nail-machine, of the cutting-off'mechanism D, comprising means for elevating andlowering the stationary cutter, with the deiiecting and read] usting springlever L, substantially as and for the purpose described.

9. In a nail-machine, the combination, with forging mechanism C, of a gas-furnace, B, having openings k k', door k2, and gas blow-pipe K', comprising an outer pipe, 7c3, having a pointed nozzle, kt, and an inner pipe, 7c, having a pointed nozzle, k7, and means for regulating the said gas blow-pipe, substantially as and for the purpose described.

10. The combination, with the furnace, the cutting-off mechanism, and forging-hammers, of groovedQwheelI', having the V-shaped deflection il, grooved feeding-rolls J, gears j?, ratchet-wheel j, pawl j, pawl-leverj', and pin j, substantially as and for the purpose described.

11. The combination, in a nail-machine, o the grooved wheel I', having the V-shaped deflection il, grooved feeding-rolls J, gears js, ratchet-wheel j, pawl j, pawl-lever j', and pin j, substantially as and for the purpose described.

12. The combination, with forging hammers G, of the checks M M', wheel I', having cam In, and the intermediate connecting mechanism-to wit, levers n nl, shafts fn a, and levers N N Nl-substantially as described.

13. In a nail-machine, the combination,with a single centrally-operating power-spring, of a pair of bell-crank levers, a pair of swinging hammers, a gas-furnace provided with a gas blow-pipe, and a feeding mechanism, substantially as and for the purpose described.

JOSEPH ROY.

Witnesses:

W. S. CAMPBELL, WM. F. BARNARD.

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